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- Title
Emission and distribution profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid residues of municipal and industrial waste incinerators, Northern Vietnam.
- Authors
Nguyen, Hue Thi; Pham, Viet Quoc; Nguyen, Thi Phuong Mai; Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thu; Tu, Binh Minh; Le, Phuong Thu
- Abstract
The concentrations and profiles of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM10), fly ash (FA), and bottom ash (BA) were examined in three incineration residues. Samples were collected from different municipal and industrial solid waste incinerators in Northern Vietnam. The average concentrations of total PAHs in PM10, fly ash, and bottom ash were 9.55 × 103 ng/Nm3, 215 × 103 ng/g, and 2.38 ng/g, respectively. Low-molecular-weight PAHs (2 to 3 rings) were predominant in most samples. The emission factor of total PAHs decreased in the order of FA > BA > PM10. A higher concentration of total PAHs was found in industrial facilities than that in municipal ones. The high carcinogenic proportion of PAHs together with significantly high annual emissions reflect the high pollution risk to the ecosystem by PAHs in the case of reuse of incineration ashes (e.g., brick production). Regarding the carcinogenic risk of PAH-bounded ashes or particles, calculations from this study imply the significant threat for workers who have been manipulated in the incineration facilities, directly exposed to fly and bottom ashes. Meanwhile, the risk from PAH-bound particulate was not considered a significant threat for both normal adults and children. Further study on PAHs contained in incinerator waste dumps should be conducted in Vietnam to assess the potential contamination risk of these incineration by-products.
- Subjects
VIETNAM; MUNICIPAL solid waste incinerator residues; POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; INDUSTRIAL wastes; FLY ash; INCINERATION; SOLID waste
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 13, p38255
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-022-24680-4