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- Title
Absent atherosclerotic risk factors are associated with carotid stiffening quantified with ultrafast ultrasound imaging.
- Authors
Zhu, Zheng-Qiu; Chen, Ling-Shan; Jiang, Xue-Zhong; Wu, Yi-Yun; Zou, Chong; Luan, Yun; Gao, Hui; Dai, Ping; Ma, Xue-Hui; Wu, Lin-Lin; Sun, Hui-Juan; Wang, Yin-Ping; Zou, Fei; Liu, Fu-Ming; Huang, Hui
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate carotid stiffening in participants without conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) by using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV). Methods: The present study enrolled 517 participants without conventional CVRFs (CVRF-Free total population). Subjects in this population were defined as current non-smokers with untreated blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, fasting blood glucose (FBG) < 7.0 mmol/L, total cholesterol (TC) < 6.2 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 4.1 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L. Participants in the subgroup with optimal CVRFs (CVRF-Optimal subgroup; n = 188) were defined as having blood pressure < 120/80 mmHg, TC < 5.2 mmol/L, and FBG < 5.6 mmol/L. Clinical interviews, physical examinations, serum draw, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and ufPWV were evaluated. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and ordinal logistic regression models were used. Results: Carotid stiffening was present in 46.2–54.5% of CVRF-Free subjects. Age, male sex, and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with carotid stiffening in both the CVRF-Free total population and CVRF-Optimal subgroup (OR for age = 1.10–1.11, OR for male sex = 2.65–7.19, OR for BMI = 1.34–1.62; p < 0.05). Carotid stiffening was associated with TC only in the CVRF-Free total population (OR for TC = 1.84; p = 0.034). Conclusions: Many CVRF-Free individuals have carotid stiffening. ufPWV for atherosclerotic stiffening aids the assessment of early atherogenesis and may further clarify the true status of healthy adults without CVRFs. Key Points: • CVRF-Optimal individuals have a lower carotid stiffness than CVRF-Free populations. • ufPWV is a quantitative predictor for the early assessment of AS. • Absent major CVRFs cannot be considered low risk for carotid stiffening and atherosclerosis.
- Subjects
ULTRASONIC imaging; CAROTID intima-media thickness; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; BODY mass index; BLOOD pressure
- Publication
European Radiology, 2021, Vol 31, Issue 5, p3195
- ISSN
0938-7994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00330-020-07405-4