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- Title
Holographic vector field electron tomography of three-dimensional nanomagnets.
- Authors
Wolf, Daniel; Biziere, Nicolas; Sturm, Sebastian; Reyes, David; Wade, Travis; Niermann, Tore; Krehl, Jonas; Warot-Fonrose, Benedicte; Büchner, Bernd; Snoeck, Etienne; Gatel, Christophe; Lubk, Axel
- Abstract
Complex 3D magnetic textures in nanomagnets exhibit rich physical properties, e.g., in their dynamic interaction with external fields and currents, and play an increasing role for current technological challenges such as energy-efficient memory devices. To study these magnetic nanostructures including their dependency on geometry, composition, and crystallinity, a 3D characterization of the magnetic field with nanometer spatial resolution is indispensable. Here we show how holographic vector field electron tomography can reconstruct all three components of magnetic induction as well as the electrostatic potential of a Co/Cu nanowire with sub 10 nm spatial resolution. We address the workflow from acquisition, via image alignment to holographic and tomographic reconstruction. Combining the obtained tomographic data with micromagnetic considerations, we derive local key magnetic characteristics, such as magnetization current or exchange stiffness, and demonstrate how magnetization configurations, such as vortex states in the Co-disks, depend on small structural variations of the as-grown nanowire. The discovery of magnetic phenomena in materials at the nanoscale has given rise to rich research in nanomagnetism in 3D with prospects in applications such as sensing and spintronics. The authors propose a method based on holographic vector field electron tomography to reveal the complex 3D magnetic structure of a nanowire to a 10 nm lateral resolution.
- Subjects
VECTOR fields; TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC properties of nanoparticles; NANOMAGNETICS; NANOSTRUCTURES; STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
- Publication
Communications Physics, 2019, Vol 2, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2399-3650
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s42005-019-0187-8