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- Title
Indium Phosphide-Based Optoelectronic Wavelength Conversion for High-Speed Optical Networks.
- Authors
Hutchinson, John M.; Jun-Fei Zheng; Barton, Jonathan S.; Henness, Jeffrey A.; Mašanović, Milan L.; Sysak, Matthew N.; Johansson, Leif A.; Blumenthal, Daniel J.; Coldren, Larry A.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Sabnis, Vijit A.; Fidaner, Onur; Harris, James S.; Miller, David A. B.
- Abstract
Monolithic approaches to wavelength converters have been demonstrated and show promise to allow for the high-speed conversion of one wavelength to another without requiring the signal to pass through off-chip electronics. In this paper, we describe our research, undertaken jointly with the University of California at Santa Barbara and with Stanford University, into novel approaches for monolithically integrating Wavelength Converters (WCs) in Indium Phosphide. In the first approach, undertaken jointly with the University of California at Santa Barbara, we describe Photonic-IC (PIC) tunable wavelength converters that are based on a photodiode receiver integrated with a tunable laser transmitter. Devices are fabricated on a robust InP ridge/InGaAsP waveguide platform. The photodiode receiver consists of an integrated optical pre-amplifier and a pin photodiode to improve sensitivity. The laser transmitter consists of a 1550 nm widely tunable Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector (SGDBR) laser modulated either directly or via an integrated modulator outside the laser cavity. An optical post-amplifier provides high output power. The Photonic-IC (PIC) tunable WC (PIC-WC) device allows signal monitoring, transmits at 2.5 Gb/s, and removes the requirements for filtering the input wavelength at the output. Integrating the widely tunable laser on-chip yields a compact wavelength agile source that requires only two fiber connections, and no off-chip high-speed electrical connections. In the second approach, undertaken jointly with Stanford University, we present a compact, low-power, dual-diode photonic switch architecture that allows for scalable multi-channel wavelength conversion. These photonic switches are scaled into a two-dimensional array to construct the first wavelength-converting crossbar switch on a single chip. Each of the wavelength-converting switches in the crossbar consists of an InGaAsP/InP quantum-well waveguide modulator monolithically integrated with a surface-normal InGaAs photodiode in its close vicinity as a part of a novel integrated optoelectronic circuit. The confinement of optically induced high-speed electrical signals within the lumped circuit elements of each switch node leads to efficient wavelength conversion, requiring low optical input power (mW range) for high extinction ratio (>10 dB), and eliminating the need for on-chip transmission lines and off-chip high-speed electrical connections. In addition to optical switching, the ability to enable and disable the switch nodes electrically further allows for the electrical reconfiguration of the wavelength-converting crossbar switch as necessary. Experimental demonstrations include unlimited wavelength conversion at 2.5 Gb/s using single switch elements and multi-channel wavelength conversion at 1.25 Gb/s using 2×2 crossbar switches, all exhibiting >10 dB extinction ratio and spanning the entire C-band. Theoretical analysis predicts the feasibility of operation at 10 Gb/s with a 10 dB extinction ratio.
- Subjects
INDIUM phosphide; OPTICAL fibers; PHOTONICS; TUNABLE lasers; CASCADE converters
- Publication
Intel Technology Journal, 2004, Vol 8, Issue 2, p161
- ISSN
1535-864X
- Publication type
Article