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- Title
Non-oxidative glucose disposal is reduced in type 2 diabetes, but can be restored by aerobic exercise.
- Authors
Yokoyama, H.; Mori, K.; Emoto, M.; Araki, T.; Teramura, M.; Mochizuki, K.; Tashiro, T.; Motozuka, K.; Inoue, Y.; Nishizawa, Y.
- Abstract
Whole-body glucose utilization consists of mitochondrial glucose oxidation and non-oxidative glycogen synthesis. We examined whether reduction of both non-oxidative glucose disposal and glucose oxidation contributes to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. We also examined the effects of exercise on these two components. Whole-body glucose disposal rate (GDR, mg/kg/min) was evaluated in 37 type 2 diabetic (T2DM) and 17 non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects as the mean of glucose infusion rate during steady state in the euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp study. Glucose oxidation rates were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and non-oxidative GDR was calculated by subtracting glucose oxidation rate from GDR. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content of the soleus muscle was measured using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In 10 T2DM subjects, the changes in oxidative and non-oxidative glucose disposal during clamp were examined after 3-month exercise intervention. GDR (2.93 ± 1.55 vs. 4.55 ± 1.83, p = 0.001) and non-oxidative GDR (1.45 ± 1.52 vs. 3.01 ± 1.87, p = 0.002) were significantly lower in T2DM than in non-DM subjects. Glucose oxidation rate was comparable in the two groups, and inversely correlated with IMCL (n = 15, r =−0.565, p = 0.028). GDR (2.28 ± 1.67 to 4.63 ± 2.42, p = 0.021) and non-oxidative GDR (0.72 ± 1.27 to 2.26 ± 1.91, p = 0.047) were increased after exercise intervention, although the change in glucose oxidation rate was not significant. In summary, reduction of non-oxidative glucose disposal may contribute to decreased whole-body glucose utilization. In addition, exercise improves insulin resistance mainly by increasing non-oxidative glucose disposal in type 2 diabetes.
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes; CARBOHYDRATE intolerance; HYPOGLYCEMIC agents; INSULIN resistance; GLYCOGEN synthesis
- Publication
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2008, Vol 10, Issue 5, p400
- ISSN
1462-8902
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00716.x