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- Title
Vitamin D Status Among Male Late Adolescents Living in Southern Switzerland: Role of Body Composition and Lifestyle.
- Authors
Rabufetti, Andrea; Milani, Gregorio P.; Lava, Sebastiano A. G.; Edefonti, Valeria; Bianchetti, Mario G.; Stettbacher, Andreas; Muggli, Franco; Simonetti, Giacomo
- Abstract
Background: Poor vitamin D status is a worldwide health problem. Yet, knowledge about vitamin D status among adolescents in Southern Europe is limited. This study investigated concentrations and modulating factors of vitamin D in a healthy population of male late adolescents living in Southern Switzerland. Methods: All apparently healthy subjects attending for the medical evaluation before the compulsory military service in Southern Switzerland during 2014-2016 were eligible. Dark-skin subjects, subjects on vitamin D supplementation or managed with diseases or drugs involved in vitamin D metabolism were excluded. Anthropometric measurements (body height, weight, fat percentage, mid-upper arm and waist circumference) and blood sampling for total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, total cholesterol and ferritin concentrations testing, were collected. Participants filled in a structured questionnaire addressing their lifestyle. Characteristics of the subjects with adequate (≥50 nmol/L–≤250 nmol/L) and insufficient (<50 nmol/L) vitamin D values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test or χ2 test. Odds ratios for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D insufficiency were calculated by univariate and AIC-selected multiple logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1045 subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Insufficient concentrations of vitamin D were detected in 184 (17%). The season of measurement was the most significant factor associated with vitamin D levels and approximately 40% of subjects presented insufficient vitamin D concentrations in winter. After model selection, body fat percentage, frequency and site of recreational physical activity, and the seasonality were significantly associated with the risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: Among healthy male late adolescents in Southern Switzerland, about one every fourth subject presents a poor vitamin D status in non-summer seasons. Body fat percentage, frequent and outdoor recreational physical activity are modulating factors of vitamin D status in this population.
- Subjects
SWITZERLAND; ADIPOSE tissues; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY composition; CHI-squared test; CHOLESTEROL; FERRITIN; REFERENCE values; STATISTICS; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D deficiency; MULTIPLE regression analysis; LIFESTYLES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; KRUSKAL-Wallis Test; DISEASE risk factors; ADOLESCENCE
- Publication
Nutrients, 2019, Vol 11, Issue 11, p2727
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu11112727