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- Title
Interfacial solute flux promotes emulsification at the water|oil interface.
- Authors
Colón-Quintana, Guillermo S.; Clarke, Thomas B.; Dick, Jeffrey E.
- Abstract
Emulsions are critical across a broad spectrum of industries. Unfortunately, emulsification requires a significant driving force for droplet dispersion. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism of spontaneous droplet formation (emulsification), where the interfacial solute flux promotes droplet formation at the liquid-liquid interface when a phase transfer agent is present. We have termed this phenomenon fluxification. For example, when HAuCl4 is dissolved in an aqueous phase and [NBu4][ClO4] is dissolved in an oil phase, emulsion droplets (both water-in-oil and oil-in-water) can be observed at the interface for various oil phases (1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and nitrobenzene). Emulsification occurs when AuCl4– interacts with NBu4+, a well-known phase-transfer agent, and transfers into the oil phase while ClO4– transfers into the aqueous phase to maintain electroneutrality. The phase transfer of SCN– and Fe(CN)63– also produce droplets. We propose a microscopic mechanism of droplet formation and discuss design principles by tuning experimental parameters. Emulsions are critical across a broad spectrum of industries. Here authors demonstrate a mechanism of spontaneous droplet formation, where the interfacial solute flux promotes droplet formation at the liquid-liquid interface when a phase transfer agent is present.
- Subjects
LIQUID-liquid interfaces; INTERMOLECULAR forces; OIL transfer operations; EMULSIONS; NITROBENZENE
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2023, Vol 14, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-023-35964-9