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- Title
Atmospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2021 M w 7.2 Haiti Earthquake Using Machine Learning from Multiple Satellites.
- Authors
Khan, Muhammad Muzamil; Ghaffar, Bushra; Shahzad, Rasim; Khan, M. Riaz; Shah, Munawar; Amin, Ali H.; Eldin, Sayed M.; Naqvi, Najam Abbas; Ali, Rashid
- Abstract
The remote sensing-based Earth satellites has become a beneficial instrument for the monitoring of natural hazards. This study includes a multi-sensors analysis to estimate the spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric parameters as precursory signals to the Mw 7.2 Haiti Earthquake (EQ). We studied EQ anomalies in Land Surface Temperature (LST), Air Temperature (AT), Relative Humidity (RH), Air Pressure (AP), and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). Moreover, we found EQ-associated atmospheric abnormalities in a time window of 3–10 days before the main shock by different methods (e.g., statistical, wavelet transformation, deep learning, and Machine Learning (ML)-based neural networks). We observed a sharp decrease in the RH and AP before the main shock, followed by an immense enhancement in AT. Similarly, we also observed enhancement in LST and OLR around the seismic preparation region within 3–10 days before the EQ, which validates the precursory behavior of all the atmospheric parameters. These multiple-parameter irregularities can contribute with the physical understanding of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) in the future in order to forecast EQs.
- Subjects
HAITI; DEEP learning; MACHINE learning; LAND surface temperature; EARTHQUAKES; ARTIFICIAL satellites; AIR pressure
- Publication
Sustainability (2071-1050), 2022, Vol 14, Issue 22, p14782
- ISSN
2071-1050
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/su142214782