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- Title
Hemoglobin mass and performance responses during 4 weeks of normobaric "live high–train low and high".
- Authors
Kettunen, Oona; Leppävuori, Antti; Mikkonen, Ritva; Peltonen, Juha E.; Nummela, Ari; Wikström, Bettina; Linnamo, Vesa
- Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether 4 weeks of normobaric "live high–train low and high" (LHTLH) causes different hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea‐level performance changes compared to living and training in normoxia during a preparation season. Methods: Nineteen (13 women, 6 men) cross‐country skiers competing at the national or international level completed a 28‐day period (∼18 h day−1) of LHTLH in normobaric hypoxia of ∼2400 m (LHTLH group) including two 1 h low‐intensity training sessions per week in normobaric hypoxia of 2500 m while continuing their normal training program in normoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was assessed using a carbon monoxide rebreathing method. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured using an incremental treadmill test. Measurements were completed at baseline and within 3 days after LHTLH. The control group skiers (CON) (seven women, eight men) performed the same tests while living and training in normoxia with ∼4 weeks between the tests. Results: Hbmass in LHTLH increased 4.2 ± 1.7% from 772 ± 213 g (11.7 ± 1.4 g kg−1) to 805 ± 226 g (12.5 ± 1.6 g kg−1) (p < 0.001) while it was unchanged in CON (p = 0.21). TTE improved during the study regardless of the group (3.3 ± 3.4% in LHTLH; 4.3 ± 4.8% in CON, p < 0.001). VO2max did not increase in LHTLH (61.2 ± 8.7 mL kg−1 min−1 vs. 62.1 ± 7.6 mL kg−1 min−1, p = 0.36) while a significant increase was detected in CON (61.3 ± 8.0–64.0 ± 8.1 mL kg−1 min−1, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Four‐week normobaric LHTLH was beneficial for increasing Hbmass but did not support the short‐term development of maximal endurance performance and VO2max when compared to the athletes who lived and trained in normoxia.
- Subjects
EXERCISE tests; STATISTICS; HEMOGLOBINS; ENDURANCE sports training; CARBON monoxide; CLINICAL trials; BLOOD gases analysis; HEMATOCRIT; ANALYSIS of variance; OXYGEN consumption; CARDIOPULMONARY fitness; CARDIOPULMONARY system; FERRITIN; PHYSICAL training &; conditioning; EXERCISE physiology; PATIENT monitoring; PEARSON correlation (Statistics); CROSS-country skiing; HEART beat; LACTATES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; ATHLETIC ability; SPIROMETRY; ANALYTICAL chemistry techniques; DATA analysis software; DATA analysis; ALTITUDES; HYPOXEMIA; LONGITUDINAL method; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
- Publication
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2023, Vol 33, Issue 8, p1335
- ISSN
0905-7188
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/sms.14378