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- Title
Establishing Normative Values for Healthy Term Infant Feeding Performance: Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed, Oral Feeding Scale, and Early Feeding Skills Assessment.
- Authors
McGrattan, Katlyn Elizabeth; Hofelich Mohr, Alicia; Weikle, Ellen; Hernandez, Kayla; Walsh, Katie; Park, Jinhee; Ramel, Sara E.; Georgieff, Michael K.; Dietz, Kelly; Dahlstrom, Kyle; Lindsay, John; Thoyre, Suzanne
- Abstract
Purpose: Infants with perceived feeding problems are frequently referred for assessment of their feeding abilities. However, little is known regarding how healthy nondysphagic infants perform on commonly used assessments, making determination of impairment difficult. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the characteristics of healthy term infant feeding performance using three commonly employed clinical assessments: Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed (NeoEat-Mixed), Oral Feeding Scale, and Early Feeding Skills (EFS). Method: In this prospective case-control study, we recruited 30 infants without feeding impairments to undergo video-monitored bottle feeds under their normal feeding conditions. Caregiver perception of infant feeding was evaluated using the NeoEat-Mixed. Milk ingestion was monitored real time using the Oral Feeding Scale for rate of milk transfer and modified proficiency as characterized by the total volume consumed out of the total volume the caregiver provided. Videos were analyzed by two speech pathologists using the EFS assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize performance. Results: Participants underwent feeding monitoring at an average chronological age of 4 ± 2 months. Caregivers primarily reported normal, nonconcerning feeding patterns across all of the NeoEAT-Mixed outcomes. Infants consumed milk at an average rate of transfer of 7 ± 3 ml/min, a modified proficiency of 50 ± 21%, and achieved the highest OFS score of 4 (93%, n = 28). The majority of infants scored the best EFS score (mature-3) as it related to the absence of color changes during the feed (97%, n = 29), although commonly scored in the worst EFS score (immature-1) in their presentation of one or more compelling stress cues (63%, n = 19). Conclusion: Establishing healthy term infant normative values for commonly used feeding assessments is critical in accurately distinguishing infants with feeding impairments from those with normal developmental variants.
- Subjects
MINNESOTA; FOOD habits; REFERENCE values; STATISTICS; PILOT projects; CAREGIVER attitudes; DURATION of pregnancy; CASE-control method; INFANT nutrition; BREASTFEEDING; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; BOTTLE feeding; LONGITUDINAL method; VIDEO recording; CHILDREN
- Publication
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2023, Vol 32, p2792
- ISSN
1058-0360
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00372