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- Title
Major Depressive Disorder and Bone Mass in Adolescents and Young Adults.
- Authors
Calarge, Chadi A; Butcher, Brandon D; Burns, Trudy L; Coryell, William H; Schlechte, Janet A; Zemel, Babette S
- Abstract
Depression has been associated with reduced bone mass in adults, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, little is known about the association between depression and bone health during growth and development. To address this knowledge gap, we examined bone density and structure in 222 adolescents and young adults (69% females, mean ± SD age: 19.0 ± 1.5 years), enrolled within 1 month of starting a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or unmedicated. Psychiatric functioning was assessed with self-report and researcher-administered instruments, including the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation for Adolescents (A-LIFE). Anthropometric and laboratory measures included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. Linear multivariable regression analysis tested the association between depression and bone mass, after accounting for relevant confounders. The presence of current depression was associated with a significant reduction in age-sex-height-race-specific bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of total body less head and lumbar spine. The findings varied by assessment method with self-report scales, capturing symptom severity over the prior week or two, yielding the weakest associations. Depression was also associated with reduced cortical thickness and a trend for increased endosteal circumference. In contrast, generalized anxiety disorder was not associated with bone deficits. In sum, depressive illness is associated with significantly lower bone mass in youths. Future investigations must examine whether bone recovery is possible following depression remission or whether remedial interventions are warranted to optimize bone mass in order to minimize the long-term risk of osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
- Subjects
DISEASE risk factors; OSTEOPOROSIS; MENTAL depression; BONE density; BONE growth; LUMBAR vertebrae; COMPUTED tomography
- Publication
Journal of Bone & Mineral Research, 2014, Vol 29, Issue 10, p2230
- ISSN
0884-0431
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jbmr.2249