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- Title
Anionic micro-cellulose (AMC): preparation, characterization, and application as a novel heterogeneous base catalyst.
- Authors
Tamaddon, Fatemeh; Hosseinzadeh, Sedigheh
- Abstract
Abstract: This work describes simple preparation of different types of micro-fibrillated (AMCa, AMCb) and micro-crystalline alkaline celluloses (AMCc) by variation in treatment conditions of wax-, hemicellulose-, and lignin-free cellulose. The AMCs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The morphology and base-capacity of AMCs were deeply influenced by treatment temperature, stirring speed, and chemical reagents applied. The base capacities of micro-fibrils of AMCa/AMCc and micro-crystals of AMCb were 5.2, 5.6, and 6.9 mmol OH−/g, respectively, while all AMCs represented a higher thermal stability compared to cellulose. Among the fibrillated and crystalline AMCs, the white solid powder of AMCb demonstrated a superior catalytic performance in base-catalyzed selective hydration of nicotinonitrile to nicotinamide, while the catalyst was reusable for at least four subsequent reaction runs.Graphical abstract: <graphic></graphic>
- Subjects
CELLULOSE; LIGNINS; FIELD emission electron microscopy; FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; THERMOGRAVIMETRY
- Publication
Cellulose, 2018, Vol 25, Issue 9, p5277
- ISSN
0969-0239
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10570-018-1939-4