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- Title
Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait.
- Authors
Chehadeh, Wassim; Albaksami, Osama; John, Sonia Elezebeth; Al-Nakib, Widad
- Abstract
<bold>Objectives: </bold>To investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAM) in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait.<bold>Subjects and Methods: </bold>Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. The HIV-1 subtype was identified using the Bayesian phylogenetic method, and RAM were identified using the Stanford University genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm.<bold>Results: </bold>The HIV-1 viral load at sampling ranged from < 20 to 8.25 × 104 copies/ml. CRF01_AE, C, and B were the most predominant HIV-1 subtypes. Nonpolymorphic mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected in 11 (26.2%) of the 42 patients; 5 (11.9%) patients had mutations associated with a high-level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 4 (9.5%) patients had mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI, 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations associated with resistance to both NRTI and NNRTI, and 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations potentially associated with low-level resistance to both protease inhibitors and NNRTI. All patients with RAM had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA level.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Our results indicate the development of RAM during an NNRTI-based regimen and highlight the importance of considering other regimens to avoid treatment failure.
- Subjects
KUWAIT; HIV infections; THERAPEUTICS; HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; MULTIDRUG-resistant HIV; DRUG resistance; HIV-positive persons; DRUG resistance in microorganisms; HIV; GENETIC mutation; POLYMERASE chain reaction; PROBABILITY theory; RNA; VIRAL load; ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; TREATMENT effectiveness; REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; REVERSE transcriptase inhibitors; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Medical Principles & Practice, 2018, Vol 27, Issue 2, p152
- ISSN
1011-7571
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1159/000488108