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- Title
Environmental Sampling for Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1) in Live-Bird Markets, Indonesia.
- Authors
Indriani, Risa; Samaan, Gina; Gultom, Anita; Loth, Leo; Indryani, Sri; Adjid, Rma; Dharmayanti, Ni Luh Putu Indi; Weaver, John; Mumford, Elizabeth; Lokuge, Kamalini; Kelly, Paul M.; Darminto
- Abstract
To identify environmental sites commonly contaminated by avian influenza virus A (H5N1) in live-bird markets in Indonesia, we investigated 83 markets in 3 provinces in Indonesia. At each market, samples were collected from up to 27 poultry-related sites to assess the extent of contamination. Samples were tested by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and virus isolation. A questionnaire was used to ascertain types of birds in the market, general infrastructure, and work practices. Thirty-nine (47%) market showed contamination with avian influenza virus in ≥1 of the sites sampled. Risk factors were slaughtering birds in the market and being located in West Java province. Protective factors included daily removal of waste and zoning that segregated poultry-related work flow areas. These results can aid in the design of evidence-based programs concerning environmental sanitation, food safety, and surveillance to reduce the risk for avian influenza virus A (H5N1) transmission in live-bird markets.
- Subjects
INDONESIA; AVIAN influenza; AVIAN influenza A virus; INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype; VARIATION in influenza viruses; POLYMERASE chain reaction
- Publication
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010, Vol 16, Issue 12, p1889
- ISSN
1080-6040
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3201/eid1612.100402