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- Title
MRI anatomy of the rectum: key concepts important for rectal cancer staging and treatment planning.
- Authors
Bogveradze, Nino; Snaebjornsson, Petur; Grotenhuis, Brechtje A.; van Triest, Baukelien; Lahaye, Max J.; Maas, Monique; Beets, Geerard L.; Beets-Tan, Regina G. H.; Lambregts, Doenja M. J.
- Abstract
A good understanding of the MRI anatomy of the rectum and its surroundings is pivotal to ensure high-quality diagnostic evaluation and reporting of rectal cancer. With this pictorial review, we aim to provide an image-based overview of key anatomical concepts essential for treatment planning, response evaluation and post-operative assessment. These concepts include the cross-sectional anatomy of the rectal wall in relation to T-staging; differences in staging and treatment between anal and rectal cancer; landmarks used to define the upper and lower boundaries of the rectum; the anatomy of the pelvic floor and anal canal, the mesorectal fascia, peritoneum and peritoneal reflection; and guides to help discern different pelvic lymph node stations on MRI to properly stage regional and non-regional rectal lymph node metastases. Finally, this review will highlight key aspects of post-treatment anatomy, including the assessment of radiation-induced changes and the evaluation of the post-operative pelvis after different surgical resection and reconstruction techniques. Key points: MRI plays a key role in the staging and treatment stratification of rectal cancer. Understanding rectal and pelvic MRI anatomy is pivotal for high-quality reporting. This review addresses key anatomy concepts for staging, treatment planning, and follow-up.
- Subjects
RECTAL cancer; RECTAL surgery; RECTUM; TUMOR classification; ANAL cancer; CANCER treatment; MAGNETIC resonance imaging
- Publication
Insights into Imaging, 2023, Vol 14, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1869-4101
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s13244-022-01348-8