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- Title
Reduced fetal growth in methadone-maintained pregnancies is not fully explained by smoking or socio-economic deprivation.
- Authors
Mactier, Helen; Shipton, Deborah; Dryden, Carol; Tappin, David M.
- Abstract
Aim To determine if reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is explained by cigarette smoking or socio-economic deprivation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Inner-city maternity unit in Scotland. Participants A total of 366 singleton infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent mothers compared with the Scottish birth population ( n = 103 366) as a whole. Measurements Primary outcome measures were birth weight and head circumference. Findings In infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent mothers mean birth weight was 259 g [95% confidence interval ( CI) 214-303 g; P < 0.0001] less, and mean head circumference 1.01 cm (95% CI 0.87-1.15 cm; P < 0.0001) less than in controls, allowing for gestation, cigarette smoking, area deprivation, infant sex and maternal age and parity. This represents an adjusted difference of −0.61 (95% CI −0.52-−0.71; P < 0.0001) Z-score in mean birth weight and −0.77 (95% CI −0.66-−0.89; P < 0.0001) Z-score in mean head circumference. Conclusions Reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is not fully explained by cigarette smoking, area deprivation, maternal age or parity.
- Subjects
SCOTLAND; METHADONE treatment programs; BIRTH weight; CEPHALOMETRY; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; DRUG addiction; FETAL growth retardation; MATERNAL age; REGRESSION analysis; SMOKING; STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; RETROSPECTIVE studies; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PREGNANCY
- Publication
Addiction, 2014, Vol 109, Issue 3, p482
- ISSN
0965-2140
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/add.12400