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- Title
Visual-motor and executive functions in children born preterm: The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test revisited.
- Authors
BÖHM, BIRGITTA; LUNDEQUIST, AIKO; SMEDLER, ANN‐CHARLOTTE
- Abstract
Böhm, B., Lundequist, A. & Smedler, A.-C. (2010). Visual-motor and executive functions in children born preterm: The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test revisited. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 376–384. Visual-motor development and executive functions were investigated with the Bender Test at age 5½ years in 175 children born preterm and 125 full-term controls, within the longitudinal Stockholm Neonatal Project. Assessment also included WPPSI-R and NEPSY neuropsychological battery for ages 4–7 ( Korkman, 1990 ). Bender protocols were scored according to Brannigan & Decker (2003) , Koppitz (1963) and a complementary neuropsychological scoring system (ABC), aimed at executive functions and developed for this study. Bender results by all three scoring systems were strongly related to overall cognitive level (Performance IQ), in both groups. The preterm group displayed inferior visual-motor skills compared to controls also when controlling for IQ. The largest group differences were found on the ABC scoring, which shared unique variance with NEPSY tests of executive function. Multiple regression analyses showed that hyperactive behavior and inattention increased the risk for visual-motor deficits in children born preterm, whereas no added risk was seen among hyperactive term children. Gender differences favoring girls were strongest within the preterm group, presumably reflecting the specific vulnerability of preterm boys. The results indicate that preterm children develop a different neurobehavioral organization from children born at term, and that the Bender test with a neuropsychological scoring is a useful tool in developmental screening around school start.
- Subjects
SWEDEN; ANALYSIS of covariance; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; CHILD development; COMPUTER software; STATISTICAL correlation; DISCRIMINANT analysis; HUMAN information processing; PREMATURE infants; INTELLIGENCE tests; LONGITUDINAL method; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests; MOVEMENT disorders; PSYCHOLOGY of movement; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH funding; SCALE analysis (Psychology); SEX distribution; T-test (Statistics); U-statistics; DATA analysis; MULTIPLE regression analysis; SCALE items; ETIOLOGY of diseases; DISEASE complications; EVALUATION; CHILDREN
- Publication
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2010, Vol 51, Issue 5, p376
- ISSN
0036-5564
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00818.x