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- Title
Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Immune-Modulated Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Authors
Chen, Shyi-Jou; Chang, Chia-Ning; Hsu, Wan-Fu; Tien, Chiung-Hsi; Hu, Chih-Fen; Fan, Hueng-Chuen; Sytwu, Huey-Kang; Lin, Gu-Jiun; Chen, Jing-Wun; Wang, Kai-Chen
- Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. The orchestra of the inflammatory process among various immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxidative stress play critical immunopathologic roles in the inflammatory cascade of the joint environment, leading to clinical impairment and RA. With the growing understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, increasingly novel marked and potential biologic agents have merged for the treatment of RA in recent years. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, highlight novel biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMRADs), targeted synthetic DMRADs, and immune-modulating agents, and identify the applicable immune-mediated therapeutic strategies of the near future. In conclusion, new therapeutic approaches are emerging through a better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of RA, which is improving disease outcomes better than ever.
- Subjects
RHEUMATOID arthritis; ANTIRHEUMATIC agents; AUTOIMMUNE diseases; IMMUNOLOGY; MATRIX metalloproteinases
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, Vol 20, Issue 6, p1332
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms20061332