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- Title
Valorization potential of pine needle waste biomass: recent trends and future perspectives.
- Authors
Gupta, Akansha; Ghosh, Pooja; Arora, Kalpana; Sharma, Satyawati; Kumar, Sunil
- Abstract
Pines play a significant role in forest biodiversity globally and generate huge forest litter. Dry pine needles due to low ignition temperature and high frictional force with the ground catch fire quickly. Annual forest fires in the northern states of India greatly impact the Indian economy besides causing huge loss to biodiversity, livelihood, and environment. Pine needles are also considered unfit for fodder consumption due to presence of tannins. Although the presence of softwood lignin in pine needles makes it difficult to degrade easily, the presence of holocellulose (68.5%) containing 45–51% cellulose makes this biomass a potential substrate to be used in pulp-making industries for low-grade paper sheets. The good fiber length of pine needles (1.3–1.4 mm) with a diameter of 30–32 μm, maybe considered important property for paper making. The use of pine needles in the pharmaceutical and food industries are due to the presence of secondary metabolites (α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene etc.). The various other potential applications of pine needles are for producing bio-ethanol (yield, 3.98%; purity, 94%), biogas (yield, 23.1 L kg−1), smokeless briquettes (calorific value, 18.77 MJ kg−1), biochar (calorific value, 25.6 MJ kg−1), bio-composites (tensile strength, 21–60 MPa), and bio-pesticides. This paper comprehensively reviews the current applications of pine needles along with its future prospective applications that can have the dual advantage of providing employment opportunities to the people along with environmental protection.
- Subjects
INDIA; PINE needles; BRIQUETS; FOREST litter; BIOMASS; IGNITION temperature; LIGNINS; FOREST biodiversity; BIOGAS
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2024, Vol 31, Issue 25, p36136
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-023-27440-0