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- Title
The efficacy and cytotoxicity of iron oxide-carbon black composites for liquid-phase toluene oxidation by persulfate.
- Authors
Dong, Cheng-Di; Chen, Chiu-Wen; Tsai, Mei-Ling; Hung, Chang-Mao
- Abstract
This study evaluated the oxidation of toluene (TOL) by persulfate (PS) in aqueous solution in the presence of a Fe3O4-carbon black (CB) composite oxidant system generating sulfate radicals. The cytotoxic activity and oxidative stress generated by these materials were investigated in rat liver Clone 9 cells. The effects of various operating parameters including the pH and concentrations of PS, Fe3O4-CB, and TOL were evaluated to optimize the oxidation process. The results showed that Fe3O4-CB/PS achieved effective removal of TOL under acidic conditions. The TOL degradation efficiency was strongly pH-dependent, where pH 3.0 > 6.0 > 9.0. Additionally, the viability of Clone 9 cells exposed to 0–400 μg/mL Fe3O4-CB indicated that this material showed low cytotoxicity. A dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay performed to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species indicated that Fe3O4 showed relatively lower toxicity than CB in these cells. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of CB may involve the induction of oxidative stress and physical changes in cell morphology.
- Subjects
OXIDATION of toluene; PERSULFATES; CARBON-black; OXIDATIVE stress; CELL morphology
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2019, Vol 26, Issue 15, p14786
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-018-3593-7