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- Title
Separatismus- und Sezessionsbewegungen in Europa.
- Authors
Sturm, Roland
- Abstract
The academic essay "Separatism and Secession Movements in Europe" by Roland Sturm addresses the topic of nationalist self-determination in Europe. The author emphasizes the normative questions and difficulties in evaluating independence movements. He also discusses the identification of driving forces that promote separatism, as well as the connection between secessionism, violence, and identity politics. The article presents various forms of nationalist self-determination in Europe and examines the social backgrounds of secessionists. Different explanatory patterns for secessionism are explored, including the homeland hypothesis, the exploitation thesis, and the reaction of the central state and its parties. It is emphasized that there are no clear explanations and that nationalism requires a context and trigger. The Scottish National Party (SNP) is mentioned as an example of a successful nationalist party that has been an established political force in Scotland since its founding in 1942. The SNP's success is attributed to political developments such as the resurgence of nationalism in the 1970s, protests against Tory rule in the 1990s, and mobilization through the independence referendum in the 2010s. The EU also plays a role in relation to secession, as it allows for the possibility of internal secession within the EU. However, the public debate on secession remains controversial, as the nation-state continues to determine the notion of "normality."
- Subjects
SCOTLAND; AUTONOMY &; independence movements; POLITICAL development; SOCIAL background; IDENTITY politics; SECESSION; SCOTTISH National Party; REFERENDUM
- Publication
GWP: Gesellschaft Wirtschaft Politik, 2022, Vol 71, Issue 4, p444
- ISSN
1619-6910
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3224/gwp.v71i4.07