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- Title
Differential expression of biomarkers in saliva related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19.
- Authors
Verdiguel-Fernández, Lázaro; Arredondo-Hernández, Rene; Mejía-Estrada, Jesús Andrés; Ortiz, Adolfo; Verdugo-Rodríguez, Antonio; Orduña, Patricia; Ponce de León-Rosales, Samuel; Calva, Juan José; López-Vidal, Yolanda
- Abstract
Background: Severe COVID-19 is a disease characterized by profound dysregulation of the innate immune system. There is a need to identify highly reliable prognostic biomarkers that can be rapidly assessed in body fluids for early identification of patients at higher risk for hospitalization and/or death. This study aimed to assess whether differential gene expression of immune response molecules and cellular enzymes, detected in saliva samples of COVID-19 patients, occurs according to disease severity staging. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects with a COVID-19 diagnosis were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease based on clinical features. Transcripts of genes encoding 6 biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein, IDO1 and ACE2, were measured by RT‒qPCR in saliva samples of patients and COVID-19-free individuals. Results: The gene expression levels of all 6 biomarkers in saliva were significantly increased in severe disease patients compared to mild/moderate disease patients and healthy controls. A significant strong inverse relationship between oxemia and the level of expression of the 6 biomarkers (Spearman's correlation coefficient between -0.692 and -0.757; p < 0.001) was found. Conclusions: Biomarker gene expression determined in saliva samples still needs to be validated as a potentially valuable predictor of severe clinical outcomes early at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms.
- Subjects
GENE expression; SALIVA; BIOMARKERS; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19
- Publication
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 23, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2334
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12879-023-08573-6