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- Title
FROM CISD TO CISM: SAME SONG DIFFERENT VERSE?
- Authors
Fawzy, Tamer I.; Gray, Matt J.
- Abstract
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) has been the primary form of early intervention provided to survivors of disaster and mass violence. This intervention has been roundly criticized for: its erroneous underlying assumption that immediate intervention is necessary to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder: for failing to identify and adequately address the individual needs of survivors who may be at risk for chronic difficulties; and for providing insufficient attention and follow-up services to those whose needs may not be addressed by a single debriefing session. In response to these criticisms, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) has been advanced as the new standard of care for those who survive critical incidents. Although many of the components of CISM are intuitively appealing and appear to improve upon single-session debriefings, studies allegedly documenting CISM efficacy are generally uncontrolled-a flaw that is especially problematic in acute posttraumatic contexts where natural symptom remission is the typical response. The CISM efficacy literature is reviewed with particular attention paid to methodological limitations of existing studies and ethical issues that are often cited as insurmountable barriers to conducting controlled treatment-outcome studies.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL debriefing; STRESS management; VICTIMS of violent crimes; PREVENTION of post-traumatic stress disorder; PSYCHOTHERAPY
- Publication
Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 2007, Vol 5, Issue 2, p31
- ISSN
1538-4985
- Publication type
Article