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- Title
Combined effect of astaxanthin and squalene on oxidative stress in vivo.
- Authors
Ravi Kumar, Sangeetha; Narayan, Bhaskar; Sawada, Yuki; Hosokawa, Masashi; Miyashita, Kazuo
- Abstract
Obesity and diabetes, risk factors for metabolic syndrome, are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Marine biofunctionals, astaxanthin (Ax) and squalene (SQ), were evaluated for their combined effect. Groups of male KK- A mice were fed high fat/sucrose diet for 4 weeks, supplemented with either 0.1 %Ax, 2 %SQ or 0.1 %Ax + 2 %SQ. In comparison to control, Sod was elevated in only Ax + SQ. However, Gpx was highest in Ax + SQ, indicating the combined antioxidant effect of Ax and SQ. This was supported by elevated mRNA expression of Sod1 and Gpx1. Except adiponectin (elevated in Ax and Ax + SQ), expression of other inflammatory markers was not altered. Blood glucose levels were decreased in SQ and Ax + SQ while liver triglycerides decreased in SQ group. This is the first in vivo study demonstrating combined effects of Ax and SQ resulting in antioxidant effects and modulation of glucose/triglyceride levels. This study highlights the benefit of utilizing Ax and SQ together for management of obesity/diabetes.
- Subjects
ASTAXANTHIN; SQUALENE; DRUG efficacy; OXIDATIVE stress; DIABETES prevention; ANIMAL models in research; OBESITY; POLYMERASE chain reaction; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, 2016, Vol 417, Issue 1/2, p57
- ISSN
0300-8177
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11010-016-2713-2