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- Title
Catalytic Conversion of α-Pinene to High-Density Fuel Candidates Over Stannic Chloride Molten Salt Hydrates.
- Authors
Cho, Seong-Min; Choi, June-Ho; Kim, Jong-Hwa; Koo, Bonwook; Choi, In-Gyu
- Abstract
The synthesis of dimeric products from monoterpene hydrocarbons has been studied for the development of renewable high-density fuel. In this regard, the conversion of α-pinene in turpentine over stannic chloride molten salt hydrates (SnCl4·5H2O) as a catalyst was investigated, and the reaction products were analyzed with gas chromatography/flame ionization detector/mass spectrometer (GC/FID/MS). Overall, the content of α-pinene in a reaction mixture decreased precipitously with an increasing reaction temperature. Almost 100% of the conversion was shown after 1 h of reaction above 90 °C. From α-pinene, dimeric products (hydrocarbons and alcohols/ethers) were mostly formed and their yield showed a steady increase of up to 61 wt% based on the reaction mixture along with the reaction temperature. This conversion was thought to be promoted by Brønsted acid activity of the catalyst, which resulted from a Lewis acid-base interaction between the stannic (Sn(IV)) center and the coordinated water ligands. As for the unexpected heteroatom-containing products, oxygen and chlorine atoms were originated from the coordinated water and chloride ligands of the catalyst. Based on the results, we constructed not only a plausible catalytic cycle of SnCl4·5H2O but also the mechanism of catalyst decomposition.
- Subjects
PINENE; FUSED salts; TURPENTINE; FLAME ionization detectors; FUEL; ACID catalysts; BASE catalysts
- Publication
Applied Sciences (2076-3417), 2020, Vol 10, Issue 21, p7517
- ISSN
2076-3417
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/app10217517