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- Title
Editorial Comment on Urinary markers for bladder cancer diagnosis: A review of current status and future challenges.
- Authors
Goto, Yusuke
- Abstract
This article discusses the use of urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. In Japan, national insurance covers the use of urinary cytology and three noninvasive urinary biomarkers (NMP22, BTA, and UroVysion) for both clinical settings. However, urinary cytology has low sensitivity, especially for low-grade tumors. Urinary biomarkers have been identified to overcome this issue, but their specificity is lower than that of urinary cytology. As a result, invasive cystoscopies are still necessary. The article reviews the current status of noninvasive urine tests for bladder cancer diagnosis, including FDA-approved and non-FDA-approved urinary markers. It also discusses the different types of tests available, such as protein-based, cell-based, mRNA-based, DNA mutation-based, DNA copy number alteration-based, and DNA methylation-based tests. The development of an ideal molecular biomarker for bladder cancer is challenging due to the complex biology of urothelial tumors. The hope is that in the future, excellent molecular biomarkers will be developed, reducing the need for routine cystoscopies.
- Subjects
CANCER diagnosis; BLADDER cancer; EDITORIAL writing; BLADDER; TUMOR markers
- Publication
International Journal of Urology, 2024, Vol 31, Issue 3, p219
- ISSN
0919-8172
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/iju.15360