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- Title
Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study.
- Authors
Soares Felício, João; Leite de Alcântara, Angélica; Corrêa Janaú, Luísa; Vilhena de Moraes, Lorena; Neres Iunes de Oliveira, Maria Clara; Nascimento de Lemos, Manuela; Kzan de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge; Abrahão Neto, João Felício; Maia da Silva, Wanderson; Araújo de Souza, Ícaro José; Mazen Said, Nivin; Nascimento de Lemos, Gabriela; Miranda Vieira, Giovana; Salim Khayat, André; Campos Ribeiro Dos Santos, Ândrea Kely; Marques de Queiroz, Natércia Neves; Contente Braga de Sousa, Ana Carolina; Costa Dos Santos, Márcia; Cunha de Melo, Franciane Trindade; Freire Piani, Pedro Paulo
- Abstract
Introduction: While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods: We performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group. Results: Our control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = -0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5-6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (χ² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055-0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688-7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001]. Conclusion: Our data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
- Subjects
PRECOCIOUS puberty; CASE-control method; BREASTFEEDING; LOGISTIC regression analysis; PUBERTY; CONTROL groups
- Publication
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, Vol 13, p1
- ISSN
1664-2392
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fendo.2021.667029