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- Title
Accuracy and reliability of 2-dimensional photography versus 3-dimensional soft tissue imaging.
- Authors
Ayaz, Irem; Shaheen, Eman; Aly, Medhat; Shujaat, Sohaib; Coucke, Wim; Politis, Constantinus; Jacobs, Reinhilde
- Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to objectively and subjectively compare the accuracy and reliability of 2-dimensional (2D) photography and 3-dimensional (3D) soft tissue imaging. Materials and Methods: Facial images of 50 volunteers (25 males, 25 females) were captured with a Nikon D800 2D camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), 3D stereophotogrammetry (SPG), and laser scanning (LS). All subjects were imaged in a relaxed, closed-mouth position with a normal smile. The 2D images were then exported to Mirror® Software (Canfield Scientific, Inc, NJ, USA) and the 3D images into Proplan CMF® software (version 2.1, Materialise HQ, Leuven, Belgium) for further evaluation. For an objective evaluation, 2 observers identified soft tissue landmarks and performed linear measurements on subjects' faces (direct measurements) and both linear and angular measurements on all images (indirect measurements). For a qualitative analysis, 10 dental observers and an expert in facial imaging (subjective gold standard) completed a questionnaire regarding facial characteristics. The reliability of the quantitative data was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients, whereas the Fleiss kappa was calculated for qualitative data. Results: Linear and angular measurements carried out on 2D and 3D images showed excellent inter-observer and intra-observer reliability. The 2D photographs displayed the highest combined total error for linear measurements. SPG performed better than LS, with borderline significance (P=0.052). The qualitative assessment showed no significant differences among the 2D and 3D imaging modalities. significant differences among the 2D and 3D imaging modalities. Conclusion: SPG was found to a reliable and accurate tool for the morphological evaluation of soft tissue in comparison to 2D imaging and laser scanning.
- Subjects
LOUVAIN (Belgium); MEASUREMENT errors; ANGULAR measurements; INTRACLASS correlation; LENGTH measurement; THREE-dimensional imaging
- Publication
Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2020, Vol 50, Issue 1, p15
- ISSN
2233-7822
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5624/isd.2020.50.1.15