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- Title
Activity-Dependent Compensation at the Hip and Ankle at 8 Years After the Reconstruction of Isolated and Combined Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.
- Authors
Agres, Alison N.; Brisson, Nicholas M.; Duda, Georg N.; Jung, Tobias M.
- Abstract
Background: After posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR), functional deficits at the knee can persist. It remains unclear if neighboring joints compensate for the knee during demanding activities of daily living. Purpose: To assess long-term alterations in lower limb mechanics in patients after PCLR. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 28 patients who had undergone single-bundle unilateral isolated or combined PCLR performed stair navigation, squat, sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit tasks at 8.2 ± 2.2 years after surgery. Motion capture and force plates were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Then, 3-dimensional hip, knee, and ankle kinematic data of the reconstructed limb were compared with those of the contralateral limb using statistical parametric mapping. Results: Side-to-side differences at the knee were primarily found during upward-driven movements at 8 years after surgery. The reconstructed knee exhibited lower internal rotation during the initial loading phase of stair ascent versus the contralateral knee (P =.005). During the sit-to-stand task, higher flexion angles during the midcycle (P =.017) and lower external rotation angles (P =.049) were found in the reconstructed knee; sagittal knee (P =.001) and hip (P =.016) moments were lower in the reconstructed limb than the contralateral limb. In downward-driven movements, side-to-side differences were minimal at the knee but prominent at the ankle and hip: during stair descent, the reconstructed ankle exhibited lower dorsiflexion and lower external rotation during the midcycle versus the contralateral ankle (P =.006 and P =.040, respectively). Frontal hip moments in the reconstructed limb were higher than those in the contralateral limb during the stand-to-sit task (P =.010); during squats, sagittal hip angles in the reconstructed limb were higher than those in the contralateral limb (P <.001). Conclusion: Patients after PCLR exhibited compensations at the hip and ankle during downward-driven movements, such as stair descent, squats, and stand-to-sit. Conversely, residual long-term side-to-side differences at the knee were detected during upward-driven movements such as stair ascent and sit-to-stand. Clinical Relevance: After PCLR, side-to-side differences in biomechanical function were activity-dependent and occurred either at the knee or neighboring joints. When referring to the contralateral limb to assess knee function in the reconstructed limb, concentric, upward-driven movements should be prioritized. Compensations at the hip and ankle during downward-driven movements lead to biases in long-term functional assessments.
- Subjects
BIOMECHANICS; ANKLE; WEIGHT-bearing (Orthopedics); DORSIFLEXION; REPEATED measures design; LEG; THREE-dimensional imaging; TASK performance; COMPUTER software; T-test (Statistics); STANDING position; DYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; FUNCTIONAL assessment; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; POSTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries; HIP joint; ROTATIONAL motion; KNEE joint; ORTHOPEDIC surgery; RESEARCH methodology; SITTING position; DIGITAL video; PLASTIC surgery; BODY movement; KNEE; ANKLE joint; HEALTH outcome assessment; GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics); CONFIDENCE intervals; STAIR climbing; MOTION capture (Human mechanics); RANGE of motion of joints; ACTIVITIES of daily living; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2024, Vol 52, Issue 7, p1804
- ISSN
0363-5465
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/03635465241248819