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- Title
CHAPTER 4: LATE FAMENNIAN CONNEAUT GROUP TO BASAL-MISSISSIPPIAN STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION AND GEOCHRONOLOGY, NEW YORK/PENNSYLVANIA BORDERLAND AND LAKE ERIE REGION.
- Authors
BAIRD, GORDON C.; HARPER, JOHN A.; OVER, D. JEFFREY; HANNIBAL, JOSEPH T.; MCKENZIE, SCOTT C.; TESMER, IRVING H.
- Abstract
Upper Famennian strata, including a time slice from the international Palmatolepis marginifera conodont Zone to the Protognathodus kockeli conodont Zone, and part of the Cheiloceras ammonoid Zone, upward to the topmost Acutimitoceras ammonoid Zone at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, are well exposed in the southern part of the western New York Southern Tier region and in adjacent Pennsylvania and northern Ohio. This interval includes offshore marine to paralic deposits in the Conneaut and Conewango groups in New York and correlative Chadakoin and Venango formations in northwest Pennsylvania, as well as strata comprising parts of the Chagrin Member of the Ohio Shale in Ohio. Terrestrial deposits, time-equivalent to the Conneaut and Conewango groups, are represented by the Catskill Formation in north-central Pennsylvania. Offshore marine-to-paralic units in the post-Conewango Group–pre-Cuyahoga Group time slice are exposed mainly in northwest Pennsylvania and northern Ohio. In Ohio, they include, in ascending order, the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale, the Bedford Shale, and the Berea Sandstone. In northwest Pennsylvania they include the “Drake Well Formation,” Knapp Formation, Corry Formation and the newly proposed divisions within the expanded Berea Formation succession. Coeval terrestrial deposits in Pennsylvania are represented by a lower portion of the Huntley Mountain Formation and by the Spechty Kopf Formation. The Mississippian Subsystem commences with transgressive dark shale deposits of the Orangeville Formation of the Cuyahoga Group in Ohio. The post-Conewango Group time slice was dominated by major oscillations in climate during the global Dasberg Event and Hangenberg Biocrisis, with associated changes in sea level during the latest Devonian. In Ohio, the Dasberg transgression is marked by the overspread of oxygen-deficient, black shale facies recorded by the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale. It is marked by an upward change into non-red, nearshore marine and terrestrial deposits of the Oswayo, Huntley Mountain, and Spechty Kopf formations in New York and Pennsylvania. The aftermath of the initial Hangenberg Biocrisis is recorded by sparsely fossiliferous deposits of the Bedford and Berea formations. One or more subsequent episodes of glaciation produced deposits of diamictite in eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland and a major lowstand disconformity along the base of the Cussewago SandstoneBerea Formation succession across Pennsylvania and Ohio. Mississippian deposits commence with the transgressive overspread of dark, offshore shales of the Sunbury Member of the Orangeville Formation in Ohio, which grade eastward (shoreward) into neritic marine deposits in the central Pennsylvania region.
- Subjects
PENNSYLVANIA; OHIO; NEW York (State); BLACK shales; MARINE sediments; GEOLOGICAL time scales; DEVONIAN Period; SEA level; SHALE; BORDERLANDS
- Publication
Bulletins of American Paleontology, 2023, Issue 407/408, p113
- ISSN
0007-5779
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.32857/bap.2023.407.04