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- Title
Vitamin D Deficiency, Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis.
- Authors
Ganimusa, Imaan; Chew, Emily; Lu, Emily Ming-Chieh
- Abstract
Vitamin D has important anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial properties and plays a central role in the host immune response. Due to the crucial role of the kidneys in the metabolism of vitamin D, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to vitamin D deficiency. The resultant reduction in the production of calcitriol, the activated form of vitamin D, in patients with CKD is responsible for exacerbating the existing renal impairment and periodontal inflammation. Recent evidence suggests a bidirectional, causal relationship between periodontitis and renal functional status. Both conditions have shared pathophysiological mechanisms including oxidative stress, increases in the systemic inflammatory burden and impaired host response. This review explores the association between vitamin D, CKD and periodontitis. The review summarises the current evidence base for the classical and non-classical vitamin D metabolic pathways, the biological mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency, CKD and periodontitis, as well as the bidirectional relationship between the two chronic inflammatory conditions. Finally, the paper explores the impact of vitamin D deficiency on CKD, periodontitis, and related co-morbidities.
- Subjects
VITAMIN D deficiency; CHRONIC kidney failure; PERIODONTITIS; VITAMIN D metabolism; VITAMIN D; CHRONIC diseases
- Publication
Medicina (1010660X), 2024, Vol 60, Issue 3, p420
- ISSN
1010-660X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/medicina60030420