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- Title
Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Authors
Chadi, Nicholas; Schroeder, Rachel; Jensen, Jens Winther; Levy, Sharon
- Abstract
Key Points: Question: Is electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use associated with marijuana use in adolescents and young adults? Findings: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the odds of past or current marijuana use among youth who used e-cigarettes were 3.5 times higher than for those who denied e-cigarette use; this association was significant in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Studies conducted in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (vs young adults aged 18 to 24 years) showed a stronger association between e-cigarette and marijuana use. Meaning: These findings suggest that clinical and regulatory approaches to managing e-cigarette use among youth amid the current trend of marijuana legalization should consider the significant association between e-cigarette and marijuana use. This systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies examines the association between electronic cigarette use and marijuana use in people aged 10 to 24 years. Importance: Use of electronic cigarettes (often called e-cigarettes) has increased considerably among young people in the past 5 years. Use of e-cigarettes has been associated with higher rates of marijuana use, which is associated with several adverse health outcomes in youth. Objective: To characterize and quantify the association between e-cigarette and marijuana use among youth using a meta-analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science & ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched from inception to October 2018. A gray-literature search was also conducted on conference abstracts, government reports, and other sources. Study Selection: Included studies compared rates of marijuana use among youth aged 10 to 24 years who had used e-cigarettes vs those who had not used e-cigarettes. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion; disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer and resolved by consensus. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers following Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines and pooled using a random-effects analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess data quality and validity of individual studies. Main Outcomes and Measures: Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of self-reported past or current marijuana use by youth with vs without past or current e-cigarette use. Results: Twenty-one of 835 initially identified studies (2.5%) met selection criteria. The meta-analysis included 3 longitudinal and 18 cross-sectional studies that included 128 227 participants. Odds of marijuana use were higher in youth who had an e-cigarette use history vs those who did not (AOR, 3.47 [95% CI, 2.63-4.59]; I2, 94%). Odds of marijuana use were significantly increased in youth who used e-cigarettes in both longitudinal studies (3 studies; AOR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.51-3.90]; I2, 74%) and cross-sectional studies (18 studies; AOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 2.76-4.96]; I2, 94%). Odds of using marijuana in youth with e-cigarette use were higher in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (AOR, 4.29 [95% CI, 3.14-5.87]; I2, 94%) than young adults aged 18 to 24 years (AOR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.40-3.79]; I2, 91%). Conclusions and Relevance: This meta-analysis found a significant increase in the odds of past or current and subsequent marijuana use in adolescents and young adults who used e-cigarettes. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the rapid increases in e-cigarette use among youths as a means to help limit marijuana use in this population.
- Subjects
MEDICAL marijuana; CONFIDENCE intervals; GREY literature; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; MEDLINE; META-analysis; ONLINE information services; SYSTEMATIC reviews; ELECTRONIC cigarettes; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; ADOLESCENCE; ADULTS
- Publication
JAMA Pediatrics, 2019, Vol 173, Issue 10, pe192574
- ISSN
2168-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2574