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- Title
Transitioning Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Containing Fire Fighting Foams to New Alternatives: Evolving Methods and Best Practices to Protect the Environment.
- Authors
Horst, John; Quinnan, Joseph; McDonough, Jeffrey; Lang, Johnsie; Storch, Peter; Burdick, Jeffrey; Theriault, Corey
- Abstract
The U.S. DoD began to cease fire training with PFAS-containing AFFF around 2015 and initiated a phaseout of C8-AFFF, replacing them with modern C6-AFFF; however, these replacements still contain significant amounts of short-chain PFAS, chemicals that are currently regulated in countries including Australia, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada. For the purposes of this discussion, we adopt the convention that AFFF-containing PFAS with eight carbon-fluorine bonds or greater is C8-AFFF; AFFF-containing PFAS with six carbon-fluorine bonds or less is C6-AFFF. While residual liquid AFFF concentrate is largely flushed from the equipment, the dissolution of surface-bound PFAS in firefighting equipment will result in C6-AFFF or F3 replacement foams that will eventually contain high concentrations of long-chain PFAS. Aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) are a type of Class B firefighting foams specifically formulated using fluorosurfactants for extinguishment of flammable liquid fires.
- Subjects
PERFLUOROOCTANE sulfonate; FIREFIGHTING; WASTE minimization; FOAM; URBAN runoff management; BEST practices; HAZARDOUS substances
- Publication
Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, 2021, Vol 41, Issue 2, p19
- ISSN
1069-3629
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/gwmr.12444