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- Title
Simian Varicella Virus Infects Enteric Neurons and α4β7 Integrin-Expressing Gut-Tropic T-Cells in Nonhuman Primates.
- Authors
Ouwendijk, Werner J. D.; van Veen, Suzanne; Mehraban, Tamana; Mahalingam, Ravi; Verjans, Georges M. G. M.
- Abstract
The pathogenesis of enteric zoster, a rare debilitating complication of reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the enteric nervous system (ENS), is largely unknown. Infection of monkeys with the closely related <italic>Varicellovirus</italic> simian varicella virus (SVV) mimics VZV disease in humans. In this study, we determined the applicability of the SVV nonhuman primate model to study <italic>Varicellovirus</italic> infection of the ENS. We confirmed VZV infection of the gut in latently infected adults and demonstrated that SVV DNA was similarly present in gut of monkeys latently infected with SVV using quantitative real-time PCR. In situ analyses showed that enteric neurons expressed SVV open reading frame (ORF) 63 RNA, but not viral nucleocapsid proteins, suggestive of latent ENS infection. During primary infection, SVV-infected T-cells were detected in gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes and located in close vicinity to enteric nerves in the gut. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of blood from acutely SVV-infected monkeys demonstrated that virus-infected T-cells expressed the gut-homing receptor α4β7 integrin. Collectively, the data demonstrate that SVV infects ENS neurons during primary infection and supports the role of T-cells in virus dissemination to the gut. Because SVV reactivation can be experimentally induced, the SVV nonhuman primate model holds great potential to study the pathogenesis of enteric zoster.
- Subjects
PRIMATE diseases; MONKEY diseases; HERPES zoster; POLYMERASE chain reaction; OPEN reading frames (Genetics)
- Publication
Viruses (1999-4915), 2018, Vol 10, Issue 4, p156
- ISSN
1999-4915
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/v10040156