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- Title
Tempering Reactions and Elemental Redistribution During Tempering of Martensitic Stainless Steels.
- Authors
Huang, Qiuliang; Yao, Mengji; Timokhina, Ilana; Schimpf, Christian; Biermann, Horst; Volkova, Olena; De Cooman, Bruno C.; Mola, Javad
- Abstract
Tempering reactions in the martensite phase of Fe-13Cr-0.47C (mass pct) stainless steel and its Si- and Mn-added modifications were studied by correlative dilatometry and magnetic measurements. Tempering for 5 minutes was performed at sequentially higher temperatures up to 923 K (650 °C). Classical tempering reactions including the segregation of C atoms at defects, precipitation of M3C and Cr-rich carbides, and austenite decomposition were clearly identified. The formation of M3C carbides was partially and entirely suppressed by Mn and Si additions, respectively. Compared to low-alloy steels, the decomposition of retained austenite in stainless steels was delayed to temperatures above 823 K (550 °C). The latter occurred concurrently with the formation of Cr-rich carbides in the martensite. In addition, non-classical tempering reactions such as the partial dissolution of C clusters at temperatures above 573 K (300 °C) and the short-range diffusion of substitutional elements including Cr and Mn to C clusters and M3C carbides in the temperature range of 673 K to 823 K (400 °C to 550 °C) were identified based on the associated increase in the magnetization.
- Subjects
MARTENSITIC stainless steel; EXCHANGE reactions; LOW alloy steel; MAGNETIC measurements; IRON-manganese alloys
- Publication
Metallurgical & Materials Transactions. Part A, 2019, Vol 50, Issue 8, p3663
- ISSN
1073-5623
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11661-019-05272-3