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- Title
Efficacy and Toxicity of Two Doses of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole as Primary Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
- Authors
Schneider, Margriet M. E.; Nielsen, Thyge L.; Nelsing, Suzanne; Hoepelman, Andy I. M.; Schattenkerk, Jan Karel M. Eeftinck; van der Graaf, Yolanda; Kolsters, Ad F. P.; Borleffs, Jan C. C.
- Abstract
The efficacy and toxicity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was assessed by comparing the effects of two dosages (480 or 960 mg once a day) of the drug. The multicenter trial involved 260 HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <0.2 × 109/L and no history of PCP. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. After a median follow-up of 376 days (range, 1–1219), none of the patients developed PCP. Most adverse reactions that required discontinuation were seen within the first month of TMP-SMZ use and were seen more frequently and earlier in the 960-mg group (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–2.02; P = .007). For patients with HIV infection, 480 mg of TMP-SMZ is as efficacious as but less toxic than 960 mg of the drug for primary prophylaxis against PCP.
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1995, Vol 171, Issue 6, p1632
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/171.6.1632