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- Title
Serum Vitamin D Level and Prehypertension among Subjects Free of Hypertension.
- Authors
Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Shankar, Anoop; Somasundaram, Shanmugasundaram
- Abstract
Background: Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with high blood pressure (BP). Prehypertension is a preclinical stage where primary prevention efforts have been recommended for delaying or preventing the onset of hypertension. However, the majority of studies examining the association between vitamin D and BP have not accounted for kidney function or systemic inflammation. Methods: Participants of the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey >20 years of age and free of hypertension (n = 9,215, 53.5% women) and clinical cardiovascular disease were examined. Serum vitamin D levels were analyzed as quartiles. Prehypertension (n = 3,712) was defined as systolic BP 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg. Results: Lower serum vitamin D levels were found to be associated with prehypertension independent of potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol, C-reactive protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Compared to the highest quartile of serum vitamin D (referent), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of prehypertension associated with the lowest quartile was 1.48 (1.16-1.90; p trend <0.0001). This association persisted in subgroup analyses by gender, race-ethnicity and BMI. Conclusion: Lower serum vitamin D levels are associated with prehypertension in a representative sample of US adults. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of vitamin D; HYPERTENSION; BLOOD pressure; SERUM; RESEARCH
- Publication
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research, 2012, Vol 35, Issue 2, p106
- ISSN
1420-4096
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000330716