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- Title
Clinical utility of human glandular kallikrein 2 within a neural network for prostate cancer detection.
- Authors
Stephan, Carsten; Jung, Klaus; Soosaipillai, Antoninus; Yousef, George M.; Cammann, Henning; Meyer, Hellmuth; Xu, Chuanliang; Diamandis, Eleftherios P.
- Abstract
To assess, using artificial neural networks (ANNs), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and percentage free/total PSA (f/tPSA), for discriminating between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Serum samples from 475 patients with prostate cancer ( n = 347) or BPH ( n = 128) within the PSA range of 1–20 ng/mL were analysed for tPSA, fPSA and hK2 (research assay, Toronto, Canada). Data were analysed in the ranges of 1–4, 2–4, 4–10, and 2–20 ng/mL tPSA. Back-propagation ANN models with the variables PSA, f/tPSA, and hK2, hK2/fPSA and hK2/(f/tPSA) were constructed. The diagnostic validity was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Whereas the median concentration of hK2 was not significantly different between patients with BPH or prostate cancer in any of the tPSA ranges, the f/tPSA, hK2/fPSA and hK2/(f/tPSA), and the hK2-based ANN outputs were always significantly different between patients with prostate cancer or BPH. Using ROC curve comparison, all variables were significantly better than hK2 in all ranges. The hK2-based ANN performed better than f/tPSA except in the 4–10 ng/mL tPSA range. At 90% and 95% sensitivity, the hK2-based ANN was also significantly better than f/tPSA in the 1–4 ng/mL tPSA range. hK2/(f/tPSA) achieved equal results to the hK2-based ANN except in the range 2–20 ng/mL tPSA. The hK2-based ANN improves the outcome of f/tPSA but not hK2/(f/tPSA) in almost all analysed subgroups. When comparing the results at 90% and 95% sensitivity the hK2-based ANN only performed significantly better than f/tPSA in the lowest tPSA range. Only in lower tPSA ranges do hK2-based ANNs show an advantage for further improving prostate cancer detection.
- Subjects
PROSTATE cancer; BENIGN prostatic hyperplasia; PROSTATE hypertrophy; PROSTATE-specific antigen; KALLIKREIN; PANCREATIC secretions; ARTIFICIAL neural networks
- Publication
BJU International, 2005, Vol 96, Issue 4, p521
- ISSN
1464-4096
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05677.x