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- Title
Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records.
- Authors
Thompson, Ellen J.; Williams, Dylan M.; Walker, Alex J.; Mitchell, Ruth E.; Niedzwiedz, Claire L.; Yang, Tiffany C.; Huggins, Charlotte F.; Kwong, Alex S. F.; Silverwood, Richard J.; Di Gessa, Giorgio; Bowyer, Ruth C. E.; Northstone, Kate; Hou, Bo; Green, Michael J.; Dodgeon, Brian; Doores, Katie J.; Duncan, Emma L.; Williams, Frances M. K.; OpenSAFELY Collaborative; MacKenna, Brian
- Abstract
The frequency of, and risk factors for, long COVID are unclear among community-based individuals with a history of COVID-19. To elucidate the burden and possible causes of long COVID in the community, we coordinated analyses of survey data from 6907 individuals with self-reported COVID-19 from 10 UK longitudinal study (LS) samples and 1.1 million individuals with COVID-19 diagnostic codes in electronic healthcare records (EHR) collected by spring 2021. Proportions of presumed COVID-19 cases in LS reporting any symptoms for 12+ weeks ranged from 7.8% and 17% (with 1.2 to 4.8% reporting debilitating symptoms). Increasing age, female sex, white ethnicity, poor pre-pandemic general and mental health, overweight/obesity, and asthma were associated with prolonged symptoms in both LS and EHR data, but findings for other factors, such as cardio-metabolic parameters, were inconclusive. Current understanding of Long COVID is limited, in part, due to lack of evidence from population-representative studies. Here, the authors analyse data from ten UK population-based studies and electronic health records, and find wide variation in the frequency of Long COVID between studies but some consistent risk factors.
- Subjects
UNITED Kingdom; POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome; ELECTRONIC health records; LONGITUDINAL method; COVID-19 pandemic; ELECTRONIC records
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2022, Vol 13, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0