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- Title
Current and former ecstasy users report different sleep to matched controls: a web-based questionnaire study.
- Authors
Carhart-Harris, R. L.; Nutt, D. J.; Munafò, M.; Wilson, S. J.
- Abstract
This study sought to test the association between ecstasy-use and abnormal sleep. An anonymous web-based questionnaire containing questions on drug use and sleep was completed by 1035 individuals. From this large sample, a group of 89 ecstasy users were found who reported very little use of other drugs. This "ecstasy-only" group was further divided into two groups of 31 current users and 58 abstinent users. The subjective sleep of current and former ecstasy-only users was compared with that of matched controls. Patients were asked to rate their sleep according to: 1) sleep quality, 2) sleep latency, 3) night time awakenings and 4) total sleep time. Current ecstasy-only users reported significantly worse sleep quality (P < 0.05) and a greater total sleep time (P < 0.001) than controls. It was inferred that these differences might be due to recovery from the acute effects of the drug. Abstinent ecstasy-only users reported significantly more nighttime awakenings than controls (P < 0.01). These subjective findings are in agreement with the objective findings of previous studies showing persistent sleep abnormalities in ecstasy users.
- Subjects
ECSTASY (Drug); SLEEP disorders; SUBSTANCE abuse; PUBLIC health research; HEALTH of patients; HEALTH risk assessment
- Publication
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2009, Vol 23, Issue 3, p249
- ISSN
0269-8811
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/0269881108089599