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- Title
Molecular Theranostics in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
- Authors
Petranović Ovčariček, Petra; Campenni, Alfredo; de Keizer, Bart; Deandreis, Desiree; Kreissl, Michael C.; Vrachimis, Alexis; Tuncel, Murat; Giovanella, Luca
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Radioiodine therapy is the main treatment option for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, only half of these patients achieve (partial or complete) remission or have stable disease during long-term follow-up. In the remaining ones, disease progresses mainly as they become radioiodine-refractory. The diagnostics of radioiodine-refractory disease are extensively debated. The introduction of novel tracers besides radioiodine isotopes (131I, 123I, and 124I) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) opens new options for the diagnostics and therapy of this subgroup of DTC patients. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands, fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI), and somatostatin receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals appear to be new potential theranostics tracers. In this review, we will elaborate on the role of these radiopharmaceuticals in the management of radioiodine-refractory disease. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer and has an excellent overall prognosis. However, metastatic DTC in certain cases may have a poor prognosis as it becomes radioiodine-refractory. Molecular imaging is essential for disease evaluation and further management. The most commonly used tracers are [18F]FDG and isotopes of radioiodine. Several other radiopharmaceuticals may be used as well, with different diagnostic performances. This review article aims to summarize radiopharmaceuticals used in patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAI-R DTC), focusing on their different molecular pathways. Additionally, it will demonstrate possible applications of the theranostics approach to this subgroup of metastatic DTC.
- Subjects
MOLECULAR diagnosis; FIBROBLASTS; PROTEASE inhibitors; THYROID gland tumors; PROGNOSIS; METASTASIS; DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis; IODINE radioisotopes; DIAGNOSTIC imaging; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; PROSTATE-specific membrane antigen
- Publication
Cancers, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 17, p4290
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers15174290