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- Title
DISPONIBILIDAD A PAGAR POR LA CONSERVACIÓN DEL BOSQUE AMAZÓNICO POR PARTE DE USUARIOS INDIRECTOS.
- Authors
SÁNCHEZ, JOSÉ
- Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the change in welfare measures for distant users of the Amazon forest using the Dichotomous Format of the Contingency Valuation Method and verifying its statistical significance. For the purpose of comparison, these measures were obtained by parametric and nonparametric estimations. The monetary value for each component of the ecosystem's total economic value was determined for these users. The method was directly applied with families resident in Madrid, Spain, considering their willingness to pay in order to avoid a decline in the quality of the global services provided by the Amazon forest, proposing the implementation of a program to preserve forever 20% (1,516,884 Km2) of this ecosystem. For the parametric estimation of the change in welfare measures (Mean and Median), we developed the theoretical model of Differences of Indirect Utility Function, Hanemann (1984), using Probit and Logit distributions for the error term and Lineal and the Logarithmic function shapes suggested by Hanemann (1984) and Bishop (1979) respectively, through the Maximum Likelihood Method. In the nonparametric case, the gathering of these measures is developed with the model proposed by Kriström (1990). To statistically compare the welfare measures, we use confidence intervals to determine the individual significance as well as the significance differences between them, verifying if the confidence intervals overlap. The standard procedure was used to obtain the confidence intervals in the parametric case, while the simulation process suggested by Krinsky and Robb (1989) for the nonparametric case. Our results indicate that residents in Madrid, Spain have an important economic valuation for the conservation of the Amazon forest, after verifying that the found values of welfare are within the developed confidence interval. In the parametric case, the mean and median values with a linear functional shape were: 70.452 Euros / year for the Probit model, and 70.317 Euros / year for the Logit model. For the logarithmic functional shape, the mean and median were: 79.48 Euros / year and 66.90 Euros per year for the Probit model, and 83.66 Euros / year and 67.05 Euros / year for the Logit model. Finally, in the nonparametric case the mean and median were: 70.733 Euros / year and 70.455 Euros / year respectively. Comparing the welfare measures obtained from the parametric and nonparametric models for the mean and median, no significant statistical difference between them was found because the confidence intervals overlapped. Finally, in order to obtain the monetary values for each component of the total economic value, the mean of the linear functional shape of the Logit model (70.317 Euros / year), and the percentage values of the components of the total economic value found were used. The results indicate that the primary concern is for the Amazon forest's loss in its capacity to capture and retain atmospheric carbon and its implication in the climate change (indirect use) obtaining 49.8% of the WTP (35 Euros / year); followed by a concern for species extinction and loss of biodiversity (value of existence), obtaining 20.6% of the WTP (14.5 Euros / year); the value that future generations will enjoying this ecosystem's benefits (heritage value) contributes 19.4% of the WTP (13.6 Euros / year); not losing this ecosystem and consequently having the possibility of visiting n in the future (option value) was 9.7% of the WTP (6.8 Euros / year); and finally the interest of paying to conserve it and not losing any personal benefit (direct use) obtained 0.5% of the WTP (0.4 Euros / year), a result that was expected due to these beneficiaries have no direct relation with the Amazon forest.
- Subjects
CONTINGENT valuation; WILLINGNESS to pay; FORESTS &; forestry; ECONOMIC models; BIOTIC communities; INDIRECT utility function (Economics); EUROPEAN currency unit
- Publication
Economía y Administración, 2008, Vol 45, Issue 71, p57
- ISSN
0716-0100
- Publication type
Article