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- Title
KEY PRECONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO THE SUCCESS OF REFORMS.
- Authors
MADJOVSKI, Marjan
- Abstract
For the past decades, reforms in wide specter of domains have been implemented especially in the developed countries. Nonetheless, despite the existence of consensus for the need of reforms in many areas, their depth, scope and time significantly vary between countries and areas. The purpose of the reforms is to improve the performances in one or more dimensions and they can be successful or unsuccessful. In some specific sectors, such as the finance, there are great dilemmas as to what is the best reform approach and practice. The question is what the governments should do to increase the chances of successful reforms. Experiences show that most often the reforms do not go on a straight line, they realize gradually, in phases that complement each other but also that they are usually blocked or go in opposite direction. Some reforms are being initiated with double purpose, to create an impression for changes, to keep a "status quo" and even to feather bed special interests of certain social structures in behalf of the common interests of the alleged reforms. Countries face common challenges. However, researches does not refer to one formula to overcome the obstacles of a reform. The challenges that the reformers face are very different through time and space. Politics and strategies for adopting the reforms should reflect the specific institutional and cultural context of the country. The specific features of the constitutional arrangement system, the political process and conjuncture show that there could not be simple "transplantation" of policies and institutions from one to another country. Nonetheless, indicators suggest that internal comparisons and experiences can be useful. In general, all reform processes share same attributes: existence of stable public finances; electoral mandate for reforms; efficient "reform" communication; the policy creating to be supported by solid research and analysis; proper institutions to make the transition from decision to implementation; successful structural reforms require time and often several attempts; key role of leadership; involving the opponents in the reforms instead of avoiding their opposing and, the question whether, when and how to compensate the losers from the reforms. Within sectors, meaningful reform experiences have been made in the following areas: openness of market, pension system, labor market, tax sphere, environment, health and education, public administration or "the reform of the reformers", regulatory reform for higher quality regulations, fiscal consolidation and other spheres.
- Publication
Vizione, 2018, Issue 31, p175
- ISSN
1409-8962
- Publication type
Article