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- Title
Vitamin D levels in primary care patients: correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters.
- Authors
Bouloukaki, Izolde; Markakis, Manolis; Pateli, Rodanthi; Lyronis, Ioannis; Schiza, Sophia; Tsiligianni, Ioanna
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varies across countries and few data exist in the adult population in Greece.<bold>Objectives: </bold>To assess vitamin D levels in unselected patients from primary care and to investigate possible correlations with clinical, seasonal, and quality-of-life parameters.<bold>Methods: </bold>In this cross-sectional study, 389 consecutive patients were included. They were grouped according to vitamin D status as vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficient groups (≥20 ng/mL). Demographic, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores were measured and compared between groups.<bold>Results: </bold>Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was observed in 50.4% of the cohort. Female gender (76% vs 66%, P = 0.026), obesity (42% vs 26%, P = 0.005), and hypertension (55% vs 43%, P = 0.023) were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group compared with the group without deficiency. After multiparametric adjustments (for age, gender, obesity, comorbidities, and seasonality), hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.257-4.349, P = 0.007), excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS >10; OR = 3.345, 95% CI = 1.124-9.948, P = 0.029), depressive symptoms (BDI >10; OR = 3.769, 95% CI = 0.984-14.443, P = 0.04), and fatigue (FSS >36; OR = 7.157, 95% CI = 0.855-59.877, P = 0.04) showed significant independent associations with vitamin D deficiency in specific subgroups of patients.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>A large proportion of patients in primary care had vitamin D deficiency, independently associated with hypertension, sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and fatigue. Further research is needed in order to determine the role of vitamin D in these patients.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of mental depression; HYPERTENSION; OBESITY; CROSS-sectional method; PRIMARY health care; VITAMIN D; SEASONS; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; QUALITY of life; VITAMIN D deficiency; FATIGUE (Physiology)
- Publication
Family Practice, 2022, Vol 39, Issue 4, p678
- ISSN
0263-2136
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/fampra/cmac012