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- Title
Parallel bursts of recent and rapid radiation in the Mediterranean and Eritreo‐Arabian biodiversity hotspots as revealed by <italic>Globularia</italic> and <italic>Campylanthus</italic> (Plantaginaceae).
- Authors
Affenzeller, Matthias; Kadereit, Joachim W.; Comes, Hans Peter
- Abstract
Abstract: Aim: Molecular phylogenetic inferences have been important to test hypotheses of the temporal and geographical origin of plant lineages from the Mediterranean region (MR) and their rates of diversification. However, comparisons are still rare between well‐sampled and closely related clades from within and outside the MR. Here, we compare the biogeographical histories and diversification rates between two main genera of woody perennial Plantaginaceae with highest species diversities in the MR (<italic>Globularia</italic>) and the Eritreo‐Arabian region (EAR;<italic> Campylanthus</italic>). Location: Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions; Eritreo‐Arabian region. Methods: We estimated a time‐calibrated phylogeny of the <italic>Globularia</italic>+<italic>Poskea</italic>–<italic>Campylanthus</italic> clade based on combined nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast DNA sequences for ancestral area reconstructions and within‐ and among‐clade diversification rate analyses. Results: The presently disjunct ranges between <italic>Globularia</italic> and <italic>Campylanthus</italic> most likely reflect dispersal/migration from the EAR into the MR between the mid‐early Miocene (<italic>c</italic>. 9.6 Ma) and the late Pliocene (<italic>c</italic>. 3.3 Ma). The subsequent diversification of <italic>Globularia</italic> coincides with that of <italic>Campylanthus</italic> (<italic>c</italic>. 3.5 Ma), with similar rates of constant lineage accumulation in both genera. While the Macaronesian <italic>Globularia</italic> species are recent (Late Pleistocene) colonists, most likely from the MR, neither late Plio‐/Pleistocene vicariance nor dispersal‐mediated range evolution can be refuted for Macaronesian versus EAR <italic>Campylanthus</italic>. Main conclusions: The coupling between low‐ and high‐latitude climate shifts likely triggered the simultaneous diversification at comparable rates of <italic>Campylanthus</italic> and <italic>Globularia</italic> in, respectively, the EAR and MR at the end of the Pliocene. In the extensive and ecogeographically complex MR,<italic> Globularia</italic> experienced increased diversification rates likely triggered by glacial cycles and resulting in adaptive species formation. In contrast, increased diversification rates in <italic>Campylanthus</italic> likely were triggered by aridity cycles and resulted in geographical speciation.
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY; GLOBULARIACEAE; PLANTAGINACEAE; MOLECULAR phylogeny; PLANT diversity
- Publication
Journal of Biogeography, 2018, Vol 45, Issue 3, p552
- ISSN
0305-0270
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jbi.13155