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- Title
Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Cancer: A Potential Biomarker and Immunotherapeutic Target.
- Authors
Curty, Gislaine; Marston, Jez L.; de Mulder Rougvie, Miguel; Leal, Fabio E.; Nixon, Douglas F.; Soares, Marcelo A.
- Abstract
In diseases where epigenetic mechanisms are changed, such as cancer, many genes show altered gene expression and inhibited genes become activated. Human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) expression is usually inhibited in normal cells from healthy adults. In tumor cells, however, HERV-K mRNA expression has been frequently documented to increase. Importantly, HERV-K-derived proteins can act as tumor-specific antigens, a class of neoantigens, and induce immune responses in different types of cancer. In this review, we describe the function of the HERV-K HML-2 subtype in carcinogenesis as biomarkers, and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy.
- Subjects
BIOMARKERS; RETROVIRUS diseases; GENE expression; CANCER; IMMUNE response; BIOLOGICAL tags
- Publication
Viruses (1999-4915), 2020, Vol 12, Issue 7, p726
- ISSN
1999-4915
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/v12070726