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- Title
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on activated microglia.
- Authors
Porcedda, Clara; Piras, Franca; Manca, Claudia; Murru, Elisabetta; Carta, Gianfranca; Banni, Sebastiano; Sogos, Valeria
- Abstract
Microglia represent the resident immune cells of the brain and have phenotypic and functional features similar to tissue macrophages of peripheral organs. Like other macrophages, activated microglia can synthesize and secrete a great variety of soluble factors, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, complement factors, fatty acid metabolites, proteolytic enzymes and free radicals. A number of these factors exercise trophic functions, but most of them are proinflammatory factors. For these reasons, it has been suggested that activated microglia may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation is modulated by several fatty acid derived molecules. In particular, those derived from arachidonic acid able to influence the expression of inflammatory molecules. However, it is not clear whether a decrease of arachidonic acid is able to influence inflammatory markers expression. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of a group of linoleic acid isomers that are naturally present in food, such as meat and dairy products. Numerous biological activities have been attributed to CLA related to inflammatory processes, diabetes, obesity, cancer. We previously demonstrated that c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA isomers easily pass the BBB in rats and in humans and downregulate inflammatory markers in human cultured astrocytes (Fa et al. 2005: Saba et al., 2019). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether CLA isomers are able to modulate in vitro the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in mouse murine BV2 microglia under inflammatory conditions induced by poly I:C or LPS. CLA isomers (c9,t11 and t10,c12) were able to downregulate inflammatory markers expression (IL-1ß, IL-6, RANTES. iNOS) as observed by ELISA, qPCR and western blot in activated BV2 cells. Moreover, we observed an increase in PPAR-alpha expression, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in the mechanism of action of CLA. Our data demonstrate that CLA can reduce neuroinflammation by decreasing the inflammatory properties of activated microglia, suggesting a nutritional role of CLA in the modulation of neuroinflammation.
- Subjects
SABA (Netherlands); CONJUGATED linoleic acid; MICROGLIA; LINOLEIC acid; ARACHIDONIC acid; PROTEOLYTIC enzymes; CD8 antigen
- Publication
Italian Journal of Anatomy & Embryology / Archivio Italiano di Anatomia Ed Embriologia, 2021, Vol 125, p140
- ISSN
1122-6714
- Publication type
Article