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- Title
GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF ECUADORIAN MANTLED HOWLER MONKEYS (ALOUATTA PALU AT A AEQUATORIALIS) BASED ON FECAL ANALYSIS.
- Authors
Helenbrook, William D.; Wade, Susan E.; Shields, William M.; Stehman, Stephen V.; Whipps, Christopher M.
- Abstract
An analysis of gastrointestinal parasites of Ecuadorian mantled howler monkeys, Alouatta palliala aequatorialis, was conducted based on examination of fecal smears, flotations, and sedimentations. At least 1 type of parasite was detected in 97% of the 96 fecal samples screened across 19 howler monkey groups using these techniques. Samples averaged 3.6 parasite species per individual (±1.4 SD). Parasites included species representing genera of 2 apicomplexans: Cyclospora sp. (18% of individual samples) and Isospora sp. (3%); 6 other protozoa: Balantidium sp. (9%), Blastocystis sp. (60%), Chilomastix sp. (4%), Dientamoeba sp. (3%), Entamoeba species (56%), lodamoeba sp. (5%); 4 nematodes: Enterobius sp. (3%), Capillaria sp. (78%), Strongyloides spp. (88%) which included 2 morphotypes, Trypanoxyuris sp. (12%); and the platyhelminth Controrchis sp. (15%). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between group size and each of 3 different estimators of parasite species richness adjusted for sampling effort (ICE: r² = 0.24, P - 0.05; Chao2: r² = 0.25, P = 0.05, and Jackknife: r = 0.31, P= 0.03). Two significant associations between co-infecting parasites were identified. Based on the prevalence data, individuals infected with Balantidium sp. were more likely to also be infected with Isospora sp. (χ² = 6.02, P = 0.01), while individuals harboring Chilomastix sp. were less likely to have Capillaria sp. present (χ² = 4.03, P - 0.04).
- Subjects
PARASITES; HOWLER monkeys; PARASITE evolution; NEMATODE physiology; ENTAMOEBA; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
Journal of Parasitology, 2015, Vol 101, Issue 3, p341
- ISSN
0022-3395
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1645/13-356.1