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- Title
SÍNDROME DA ANGÚSTIA RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
- Authors
Alves de Almeida, Henrique; Vitória de Sá Sousa, Ana; Freitas Faleiro, Lucas; de Sousa Junior, Wilson Martins; Fornanciari Teixeira, Daniel; Ferreira de Oliveira, Bruna; Jacobowskí Ferreira, Letícia; Matos Souza, Adrielly; Queiroz Leite, Cleber
- Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a complex and multifactorial condition characterized by acute lung injury and systemic inflammation. ARDS has a variety of etiologies, but the mechanisms involved in its evolution share significant similarities. During the pathogenesis of ARDS, a combination of direct injury to lung cells and an acute systemic inflammatory response occurs. Severe, refractory hypoxemia is a key feature, along with decreased lung compliance and the development of bilateral lung infiltrates. ARDS is classified into three phases: exudative phase, subacute phase and fibrotic phase. In the exudative phase, there is an excessive inflammatory response, with increased pulmonary capillary permeability, microvascular thrombosis, and interstitial and alveolar edema. The subacute phase is characterized by increased alveolar dead space, persistent reduction in lung compliance, and hypoxemia. In the fibrotic phase, there is diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and obliteration of the normal alveolar architecture. The diagnosis of ARDS is based mainly on the combination of clinical criteria, laboratory tests and imaging. The Berlin Definition is widely used for the diagnosis and classification of patients with ARDS. Epidemiological studies have revealed that ARDS accounts for a significant percentage of admissions to intensive care units, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. However, approximately 40% of ARDS cases are not correctly identified by primary care clinicians, resulting in delay in starting appropriate treatment. This work used the methodology of the integrative literature review to expand knowledge about ARDS. Searches were conducted in scientific journals, covering a period from 2018 to May 2023. The results showed that acute lung injury and systemic inflammation are the main mechanisms involved in ARDS, regardless of the underlying cause. Understanding the mechanisms of lung injury and changes in lung mechanics is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for ARDS. In summary, ARDS is a severe syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and improving diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS.
- Subjects
ADULT respiratory distress syndrome; PULMONARY fibrosis; LITERATURE reviews; INTENSIVE care units; LUNG development
- Publication
Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal), 2023, Vol 16, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
1981-223X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.54751/revistafoco.v16n6-192