Cornea is the most sensitive tissue with densest nerve terminal. The incidence of corneal pain is high and the causes of corneal pain are diverse. Corneal pain has a variety of symptoms and its mechanisms are complex. This article aims to summarize the work in anatomy, signal transduction, peripheral and central sensitization, vitro and vivo experimental modelin corneal pain, hoping to improve comprehension of its mechanism and find clues for effective the rapeutic regimen.